Russian

CONTENTS

Section II

8) War as a commodity

NATO – WAR PRODUCER AND PURCHASER
COMMODITY “BALKAN WAR”
WE SAY NATO – IMPLY UNO
ONE YEAR BEFORE “UN – YUGOSLAVIA” WAR
WAR IS SOLD OUT
BRAND NEW WORLD IN BALKANS
“FOX” IN MACEDONIA
FASCISM AND NATO: HISTORIC PARALLELS
NATO “FOR PEACE”
NATO NEW MEMBERS
NATO “POSTGRADUATES”
ORDINARY NATO PARTNERS
MATERIAL SECURITY OF NATO EXPANSION
PRACTICAL EXCERCISES OF NATO EXPANSION
SPECIAL NATO PARTNERS FROM CIS COUNTRIES
UKRAINE AND NATO
NATO AND RUSSIA
NATO NEW AGE
THE THIRD WORLD WAR. COLD AND WARM
NEW REGIONAL LEADERS
NECCESSITY OR INEVITABILITY OF WAR?
FASCISM – THE LAST RESORT
CASUS BELLI
NUTOPIA

FASCISM AND NATO: HISTORIC PARALLELS

For all these events of the third Balkan war described above there are historical analogue which is referred to the years of the previous, the second World War 1939 to 1945.
When German fascism appeared at European stage in January 1933 in a form of dictatorship in parliament shell nobody was concern seriously. It is known that since 1920x German capitalism was greatly invested by American capitals especially in military-related industries. In Italy fascist regime was in power since 1922 supported by the papacy. However fascist governmental dictatorship as the most exact and rational form of bourgeois society sharpens all contradictions of capitalism, emphasizes all its diseases mostly at the highest stage of its development, at the stage of imperialism. Soon German fascism took a fancy for ‘eat’. And the following events began to develop by the way which was very similar to that happening in Balkans in 1990s.
Fascist Germany became initiator of establishing block embracing aggressive governments seeking for violent liquidation of Versailles-Washington system that was established as a result of imperialistic repartition of the world after the First World War. However by the beginning of 1930s there was a need of new repartition of the world ‘in the air’ in accordance to “capital accumulated”. Hitler’s Germany was found on the mouthpiece of this new need of monopolies’ capital to re-cut of market borders and former possessing.
Yet in 1934 aviation industry was developed without any looking around (violating Versailles agreements), Germany got the right to build navy ships equals to 35% of British fleet tonnage on the basis of English-Germany maritime agreement. In March 1935 universal service was implemented as well. In March 1936 Hitler’s government rejected Locarno’s agreements, declared about full sovereignty over Rhein demilitarized zone and entered their troops in it. Germany had been preparing for the “swallowing” of Austria. None of bourgeois nations did not risk to get in touch with Germany hoping that by their hands new live space will be occupied for world capital in the East where the USSR is located. Another idea was to stop “radiation” of Marxist-Leninist ideology within the territory of 1/6 of the earth.
In 1936-1937 fascist block was founded under the leadership of Germany; it paved the way of break between imperialist countries by two hostile grouping.
The policy of ‘noninvolvement’ of western countries allowed Germany to extend the scale of its aggression. Following the reunion of Austria in 1938 they started feverish preparation to breakdown of Czechoslovakia. At the conference in Munich in September 1938 achieved inclusion of Sudet region to Germany. He occupied Klaipeda (Lithuania) in 1939, hence he strengthen position of fascist Germany at Baltic Sea. By 1938-1939 with the help of American capitals German imperialism created powerful military-economic potential, substantially extended its financial and mineral resources. Germany took the first place in Europe in 1938 by the level of industrial production and the second place in the world after USA, so it suppressed all its European competitors by many items
Consequently haywire of capitalist development by the end of 1930s had changed relation of forces in capitalist world. Contradictions had sharpened even more after economic crisis of 1937. German export got reduced despite the industrial boom caused by enormous internal demand inspired by military expenditures, by war preparations. Gold reserves were exhausted as well as opportunities to fund weaponry production. In these circumstances it is unlikely to expect a possibility of continuous successful competition. The only means for redistribution of spheres of influence in bourgeois world considered by Germany was war.
War had been considered by Nazi as the only way to change relation of forces in the world alignment of capitals. The USA had been staying in the shadow of European events were mostly interested in creation of powerful counterbalance to its rivals in Europe. Machine of fascist dictatorship aimed against Europe nations and against USSR undoubtedly will enrich American capitals together with provision of beaten competitors and their territories and resources at full disposal of potential winners of the war. Will it be in terms of “assistance”, loans or “integration” is not important. War is a profitable business or specific ‘commodity’ that requires certain cynicism and immorality in its ‘production’; that is inherent feature of capital nature. Its nature is ‘murder of labour’, slow transubstantiation of workforce into article, into matter, into “capital”, into commodity substance belonging to capital and increasing its mass.
Let’s have a look once again on the events of the third Balkan war (1991-2001) that lead to breakdown of Yugoslavian federation and to “soft repartition” of modern Europe through the prism of world events at the eve of the World War II. The purpose of such analysis is to find the common features, to predict development by the worst option and perhaps to prevent full-scale the Third World War. Since the mankind history gives menacing warning but people are not always ready to get lessons from the past. In addition, as they say in the East, event happened twice will repeat three times for sure. So, eve of the war comes.
In January-April 1930 in London international conference on navy weaponry was held participated by USA, UK, Japan, France and Italy. Sharp disagreements were between France and Italy on the limits of number of cruisers, destroyers and submarines. Japan managed to achieve equal norms with USA and UK with respect to submarines and more beneficial agreement with respect to cruisers and destroyers. UK was made to agree with equality by all items of its fleet with American ones. Why these sorts of talks were started? These were the signs of the coming world battle of capitals and for this battle a lot of modern and powerful weaponry is required.
In February 1932 in Geneva international conference on disarmement was opened; 62 nations took part in it. USSR proposed to reduce twice ground forces, fleet and aviation of the most powerful states, to achieve some balance of powers. It is obvious that the fist session of the conference closed with no results. German delegation demanded to acknowledge its “equality in arms” or legalisation of rebirth of German military power. Germany left the conference understanding nothing will be gaind from it. However blacmail policy implemented by German diplomats brought some results: rehabilitation of German military potential got international recognition . German delegation got back to the conference. Yet in October 1933 German representatives were called away from International conference on disarmement and Hitler’s government declared about seccesion of Germany from Leage of Nation. At the same time Nazi continued their conversations on peacemaking, aspiration to friendship with neighbouting nations. Are you familiar with such words? All programsand actions of NATO strategists are “for peace”, for stability and democracy in europe and in the World.
In September 1931 Japan forces invaded in Chinese province Manchuria, established puppet government. US President H.Hoover in October 1931 acknowledged the right of Japan to “bring order in China”. And French general Veygan declared Japanese invasion in China “strengthens position against bolshevism in the East”. It seemed that balance was on the side of bourgeois civilization against USSR, against the country having horrible form of one-party dictatorship that was officially considered as a model of socialism to terrify all the universe. Meanwhile Japan continued its invasion inland China. League of Nation (predecessor of the UNO) had been trying to moderate “aggressor” to whom it had connived. Nevertheless in February 1933 Japan declared its secession from the League of Nations. So Germany obtained associate in the Far East in their plans of repartition the world map, which is imperialistic Japan.
Fascism acquiring power in Germany as a very simple form of bourgeois society and the most adequate capitalist economy required “extension of territory”. As the first step of territorial expansion Nazi intended to include Austria and some regions of Czechoslovakia and Poland settled by native Germans into Germany. France and Belgium were planned to breakdown and then to attach pieces of their territory to Germany. The whole Western Europe was seen by brownshirts as German protectorate. Seizure of the USSR territory was envisaged in long-term plans.
In January 1934 Germany made an agreement on “peaceful solution of disputes” with Poland. That meant departure of Poland government from the alliance with France and its turn to Germany. Here we can see how “agreement” pave the way to future wars and conflicts, give an illusion of eternal peace for those who made agreements.
In June 1934 Austrian Chancellor Dolphus was murdered by Nazi agents. The effort of Austrian hitlerites to take over power failed. And Italy led by Mussolini was still the opponent of Germany and Austria reunion.
Italy had been spread activity in Balkans and in Danube basin. France hoping to calm Italian fascists sign some agreements with Italy that talked about serious territorial cessions to Italy in Africa, handing-over to Italy part of French shares of railway between Djibouti and Addis-Ababa. French minister P.Lavalle sent to Roma for these arrangements gave consent for economic domination of Italy in Ethiopia and secretly – for Italian military invasion to this country.
3 October 1935, Italian troops invaded in Ethiopia; cities were subjected to air strikes and ruined. Yet two days later USA announced about ban to sell weapons both Italy and Ethiopia. Council of League of Nation declared Italy as aggressor and obligated all League members to implement sanctions against Italy. In December 1935 the issue of oil sanctions against Italy was raised. Diplomacy of England and France came to the rescue Mussolini. In effect the agreement on English-French intermediation in war between Italy and Ethiopia had been signed. The core of it was in handing-over one third of Ethiopian territory to Italy. All these maneuvers assisted Italy to complete the seizure of Ethiopia by the spring of 1936.
7 March 1936, German forces entered in Rhine zone that was demilitarized on the basis of Versailles Agreement. Superpowers silently approved such course of events.
In July 1936 fascist mutiny began in Spain. Germany and Italy openly meddled in Spanish civil war. UK and France did nothing to terminate aggression. They proclaimed policy of “nonintervention” in Spanish war. In August 1936 27 European nations signed and agreement on nonintervention in Spanish affairs. However, their “nonintervention” did not stop Germany and Italy. Military assistance to Spanish fascists had been growing every month. USA had been carrying out policy of “moral embargo” for export weaponry to both sided. France refused to hand over ordered and prepaid weapons to Spain.
Hitler encouraged by permanent cessions of western democracies had been preparing to further activities. In November 1937 he informed about his plans to occupy Austria and Czechoslovakia and then about offensive against France and England.
In October 1936 Italian-German protocol on cooperation is signed in Berlin (“axis Berlin-Roma”). Partners agreed on partition of sphere of influence of economic expansion in Balkans and Danube basin then synchronized their action in war against Spanish republic. Germany officially acknowledged occupation of Ethiopia by Italy.
25 November 1936, Japan and Germany conclude an agreement about struggle against Communist International (Anti-Comintern Pact). 6 November 1937, Italy joined the Pact. “Triangle” against USSR and left forces in Europe represented serious danger for western countries, for USA, UK and France.
7 July 1937, Japanese forces commenced their invasion in China capturing its capital and other big cities. USA and UK as before did not intervene supposing Japan to attack USSR and they will gain something when both dictatorships will get weaker.
In September 1937 Hitler got consent of Italy for Austria to be attached to Germany. The US government didn’t express any objections to Germany’s plans of expansion in Central Europe.
Yet on 12 of March 1938 German forces encroached in Austria and occupied it. 13 March new chancellor Zeiss-Inkvart announced reunion of Austria and Germany. In the beginning April 1938 UK, France and USA liquidated their diplomatic missions in Vienna, hence they acknowledged usurpation of Austria by Germany.
USSR as potential object of world capital aggression also took steps to balance situation. In such a way soviet leadership responded yes to proposal of 30 countries to “join the League of Nation and bring there its valuable cooperation”. 18 September 1934, USSR was affiliated to League and got permanent seat in the Council of League. By parity of reasoning with events of modern Russia they wanted to see USSR among “civilized democracies” after collapse of social-imperialistic regime. Russia signed “Fundamental Act” with NATO (which as mention above took itself UN functions”) and in 2002 formalize “specific relations” with group of member countries by the scheme “19 + 1”.
Nevertheless, could USSR membership in League of Nations stop fascist aggression?
2 May 1935, agreement was signed in Paris about mutual aid between USSR and France. Agreement participants were obligated to aid each other in case of attack by any European country.
16 May 1935, USSR signed the same time type of agreement about mutual aid with Czechoslovakia. By this agreement USSR is obliged to come to aid Czechoslovakia if France will fulfill its liabilities toward this country and come to help her.
12 March 1936, USSR and Mongolia signed protocol on mutual aid that envisaged rendering help to each other in case of aggression including military one. 21 August 1937, Soviet-Chinese nonaggression agreement was signed and in accordance with it they obliged not to render the third countries attacking one of the parties of agreement.
In summer of 1938 Japanese leaders determined to start serious adventure against USSR. Japanese army divisions crossed the soviet border close to Khasan Lake but following severe fighting with aviation participation were withdrawn by Red Army troops. However it did not stop them from new efforts of expansion. In 1939 Japan poached in Mongolian territory near river Khalkhin-Goll. The Soviet and Mongolian forces fought back aggressors’ offensive. The smell of big war was felt in the air more and more distinctively.
The next story about partition of Czechoslovakia is very similar to the story of dismemberment of Yugoslavian federation in 1991-2001 financed by American and European capitals and executed by NATO forces (and approved at the highest level of UNO and EU bureaucracy). The facts in brief are following.
In April 1938 Hitler put forward request about handing over of Sudett province to Germany where majority of population were Germans. Sudett-German Party which had close relations with Hitler’s regime and insisted upon full autonomy of Sudet province. The request was deflected. The leaders of separatist party put forward new far-reaching requirements.
In April 1938 Czechoslovakian government came to some terms (amnesty to political prisoners, beholders of Sudet-German Party, to set elections in Sudet province etc.). Nonetheless, leaders of this party terminated negotiations. By the same scenario it was in Ramboillet (1999) with reverse symmetry when “western democracies” by the hands of Kosovo extremists having been made Yugoslavia to leave negotiations and then start with “bomb blackmail” in order to force Yugoslavian leaders to reject their sovereignty and surrender part of its territory under mandate of NATO forces.
Thus, in the middle of May 1938 movement of German forces to Czechoslovakian borders commenced. The cause of invasion was had to be a murder of German ambassador in Prague by fascist agency.
20 May 1938, Czechoslovakian government declared partial draft. So-called “allies”, governments of UK, France and USA since the beginning of crisis had been striving for capitulation before aggressor.
22 April 1938, French government informed Czechoslovakia that France can not help in case of Germany’s invasion and that it should not anticipate UK will help as well. United States followed the same tactic of “pacification”.
In June 1938 the leader of Sudet-German Party Henlein had put forward new series of requirements (prepared in fascist “Reich”) which if implemented would led to liquidation of sovereign Czechoslovakian state.
In the beginning of August 1938 officials from English and American governments arrived in Prague and insisted Czechoslovakia to meet the requirements of Helein Party up to carrying out the elections in Sudet province and the outcome was the attachment this province to Germany.
18 September 1938, the leaders of English and French governments met each other in London. The result of the meeting was commitment of joint proposal that envisaged handing over of provinces “with majority German population” to Germany. English government was ready to guarantee new borders of Czechoslovakia at the international level given the liquidation of Czechoslovakian agreements with other countries (it is implied Soviet-Czechoslovakian agreement on mutual aid).
On the contrary, USSR yet on 15 March proposed to commence negotiations of USSR, French and Czechoslovakian general stuffs to discuss methods of rendering military aid to Czechoslovakia. However capitalist of Europe and USA had different expectations. For them Hitler was business partner.
22 September 1938, N.Chamberlain met Hitler and told him about compliance of Czechoslovakian government to accept ultimate proposals of UK and France. Meanwhile Hitler again extended his territorial claims to Czechoslovakia. By the agreement with Berlin Poland and Hungary also put forward their claims for Czechoslovakian lands. USSR declared to Polish government that in case of Poland’s attack on Czechoslovakia Soviet-Polish nonaggression Pact of 1932 will be denounced.
28 September 1938, Soviet government called for immediate convocation of international conference. None supported the idea. The leader of Czechoslovakia did not ask for aid from USSR as well.
29 September 1938, leaders of France, Italy and Great Britain arrived in Munich to negotiate with Hitler. Draw your attention that destiny of Czechoslovakia is being solved in Munich without its presence at all. The same way the final phase of 19 NATO members countries war (1999) against sovereign Yugoslavia was prepared; then they produced several provocative shows, organized adoption number of UNSC resolutions (SC purchased by international capital) and quietly solved the issue of the “Former Yugoslavia” destiny without her participation in full settlement.
In accordance with four countries agreement Czechoslovakia was had to hand over Sudet Province to Germany within ten days from 1 to 10 October with all appropriate structures. Czechoslovakia had lost 20% of its territory and about 25% of population. German border went now 40 kilometers to Prague. Czechoslovakian government stated that it accepts Munich agreement. Poland and Hungary in turn obtained pieces of Republic’s territory in the area close to Bratislava and Uzhgorod cities where they put their troops in 1938-1939 turning participants of political robbery.
30 September 1938, Hitler and N.Chamberlain signed English-German declaration providing for mutual consultations and surely to solve disputable issues at negotiations. Document was equivalent to nonaggression agreement. In December 1938 the same type declaration was signed by Germany and France. USA applauded results of Munich meeting of four governments’ leaders. That is the essence of different grouping of world capital acting mostly like armed gangs negotiating about division of markets rather than “civilized democracies” touching for squares.

Fascist Germany came into taste. It put forward another demands to bring back its former colonies and to start with new repartition of the world in general and also to provide Germany open access to oceans.
In the beginning of 1939 Japan occupied Spartley and Khainan islands and got a chance to install their own navy bases in approach to Philippines, Malaya, Indochina and Indonesia. Rapprochement between Germany, Italy and Japan goes on. At that time in the beginning of 1939 civil war in Spain is finished with failure of Republic. The county was took over by fascist dictatorship.
15 March 1939, violating Munich Agreement German troops occupied Czech and Moravia and announced them as German protectorate. Three day before it Hitler’s agency in Slovakia proclaimed this province as independent state; the latter meant that now it is under authority of German Reich. Acts of aggression now followed one by one
21 March 1939, Hitlerites requested consent of Poland for handing over Danzig city (Gdansk). Next day German forces entered Klaipeda (Memel) area that belonged to Lithuania. In April 1939 fascist Italy intruded in Albania and occupied it.
Stalin’s Empire proved in difficult situation and red monarch kept on searching an opportunity to prevent, to delay, to soften (inevitable and unavoidable) commencement of overall war.
In the end of May 1939 English government finally gave its consent for conclusion of Tripartite Pact on mutual aid between USSR, UK and France to prevent aggression. However it had set unacceptable terms that providing for USSR obligation to join the war in case of Poland, Romania and Greece will be attacked. At the same time this project remained Baltic countries defenseless while USSR was interested in guarantee or their wholeness. Moscow offered its own project where immediate aid was envisaged among France, UK and USSR if they would being involved in war in the following cases: 1) aggression toward one of the mentioned states, 2) attack on one of the eight countries – Belgium, Greece, Turkey, Romania, Poland, Latvia, Estonia and Finland, 3) aggression on any other European country that will address to them for aid.
Great Britain and France had been delayed negotiations. Behind the curtains since July 1939 British diplomacy commenced negotiations with German representatives by all disputable issues on the basis of division of sphere of influence between these countries. Herewith UK was ready to acknowledge Central and Eastern Europe as German sphere of interests, to give Poland up to Hitlerites and to strive for denunciation mutual aid agreement between USSR and France. China and Soviet Union by the proposal of English were had to become territories of “joint application of capital”, English and German ones. (“Euro-American” 63 years later?)
And yet negotiations of USSR, UK and France had begun on 12 August 1939. However at the very beginning of negotiations it was proved that English and French officials had no authority to negotiate and to sign documents, that is both parties sent to this meeting secondary state officials just to mock on them. Negotiations failed.
23 August 1939, negotiations between USSR and Germany were held. There nonaggression Pact was signed and secret additional protocol to it. According the protocol they defined the spheres of influence in Europe. Germany will take the most of Poland and USSR will occupy part of the Poland, West Ukraine and Baltic states. USSR gained a respite before the war will start. To some extent it repeated the story with Brest Peace agreement concluded with Germans in 1918 by Bolshevik government led by V.Lenin, but the entry list was completely different as well as the context of events.
In the fall of 1939 Moscow commenced talks with their western neighbors, Estonia, Latvia and Finland proposing to conclude pacts on mutual aid. In the course of negotiations I.Stalin and V.Molotov informed Baltic states representatives that USSR and Germany agreed on division of spheres of state interests in East-country and that Germany agreed for Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to be in zone of USSR influence . Governments of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania decided to sign such pacts about mutual aid with Soviet Union. Soviet Union had got right to arrange air force and navy military bases on the territory of Baltic States and to deploy here their troops. Finland government refused to follow Moscow’s agreements.
30 November 1939, Soviet forces started military actions against Finland. Governments of UK and France sent a plenty of weapons and ammo to Finland. 5 February 1940, they decided to provide military aid to Finland and to organize attack on USSR. By the end of February English-French task force was formed aimed at disembarkation in Finland. Synchronously the invasion to USSR form the South had been preparing: air strikes on Baku and Batumi, English-French submarines missions in the Black Sea. This choice was made by world capital superpowers between fascist regimes of Europe and stalin’s Empire as it was twenty years ago when Triple Entente intruded in Soviet Russia all around. But that time the very foundation of bourgeois civilization was under threat since the victory of peoples power after October 1917 in the vast territory of Russia was bad omen for the future of world capitalism. And now the motive is different; it lies in repartition of world map by capital gangsters.
The war of 1940 ended though fameless followed by enormous losses of Red Army but with territorial acquisitions for Soviet Union. USSR was excluded from the League of Nation. And on 12 March peaceful agreement signed between Finland and USSR and according this document the most territories on Karelian Isthmus were attached to Soviet Union to keep Leningrad safer.
Bourgeois nationalism as concentrated expression of the capitalist civilization essence grew substantially all over Europe before the beginning of World War II and took the form of fascist dictatorship, monarchies and other reactionary nationalistic governments.
In 1936 at least in 20 European states there were 40 fascist parties and groups. In Austria, Hungary, Romania, Finland and several other countries fascism became influential power. It did not achieve total domination but it managed to get them as vassals of Hitler’s Germany or even up to loosing its independence. NATO did the same way when conquering parts of the former Yugoslavian federation and used to warm nationalistic contradictions originating from poverty and cultural backwardness. Alliance had been attracting nationalistic parties and movements to realize its plans speculating the ideas of “national liberations” and “human rights”. Anyway due to nationalism and not despite it the number of NATO members had increased, as well as the number of NATO vassals. These dependents are called “partners for peace” or “dialogue” participants (as it’s seen the dialogue is between American, European and Japanese capitals about partition of Eurasia). Does NATO perform fascist Germany part in fact? And is it led by strategic interests of USA in Europe and Asia we will see below; now we continue our review of prewar Europe.
So, it is prewar fascism. Variety of forms and types of fascist movements and regimes is determined by different level of socio-economic and political development of certain countries. During these years fascist organizations were founded in UK, France, USA, Belgium, Brazil, Ireland and Norway. However they did not get wide support there while ruling classes could not maintain its domination remaining within the frameworks of bourgeois-democratic system. Nonetheless the very origin of fascist movements testifies growth of imperialistic contradictions (the flow of workforce from colonies etc.), readiness of the most reactionary part of bourgeois-democratic circles of the capitalist countries and to form some sort of strategic reserve for the case of sharpening pain in area of communist ideology.
It seems that civilization of possession in its mature stage, capitalism, was entrapped in its own trap. It is stuck between two extreme social poles: from one side bourgeois democracy, parliamentary, presidential or monarchic; from the other side – fascist dictatorship of the most reactionary representatives of big capital. Flouncing between these two “beacons” capitalist society can not change its essence therefore it is urged to make periodical “bloodletting”: the weak form goes by way of crisis and collapse, the strong form goes by way of military conflicts and world wars. The thinking of man of property, of capitalist or bourgeois could not step out the borders of such imagination. Reference to stalin’s “socialism” doesn’t work as well. This under favor socialism is not better than Nazis dictatorship as long as exploitation of man by state capital did not disappear, it is maintained by capital. Let’s go back to 1930s.
Common feature of fascist movements in bourgeois-democratic countries was their farness from authority. As a rule, they were characterized by very low level of unity: existence of several heterogeneous ones like in USA and especially in France or even opposing each other like in Belgium fascist organizations. Variegated structure, motley of organizational principles, narrow-mindedness of social basis, haziness of ideological guidelines – all this evidenced in favour of variety of forms and likeness of Nazism that did not reach maturity so far and did not get power. These movements presented themselves as lowest level of fascism development .
In Denmark, Netherlands and Finland fascist movement had got higher level of power, attracted part of population to their side, penetrated to local and central government bodies.
Fascism got more ripeness in 1930s in Austria, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia where fascist parties were both “junior”, equal and principal partners in military and military-monarchic dictatorships. In Bulgaria and Yugoslavia monarchic-fascist regimes suppressed democracy, supported reactionary organizations, strengthened pro-German orientation their home and foreign policy. Hungarian dictator Horti headed fascist “Order of Knights” and fascist party “Crossbred Arrows” since 1937 had a wide representation in country’s parliament. In may 1936 in Greece the leader of local fascist party I.Metaxas became prime-minister; yet in 1935 monarchy was recovered. In August 1936 he made take-over and proclaimed himself dictator. Roman monarch Karol II in February 1938 annulled constitution, abolished all political parties, formed non-party government and founded united fascist party, “Front of national revival”. In Austria two competitive fascist groupings, pro-German and pro-Italian actively chasing for power and brought the country to deprivation of its sovereignty in March 1938. Albanian dictator A.Zogu led his country to the same result: in April 1939 Albania was occupied by Italian fascist troops.
Full development of general and specific features of fascism can be seen at the stage of governmental form of total fascist domination system. This highest level of realization fascism as government structure was reached only in four countries: Portugal, Spain, Italy and Germany. Money injections to fascist organisations’ funds were just business operation of influential circles of big capital. They pursued far-reaching purposes while supporting fascism.
Vatican or residence of Christ’s deputy on the planet yet in 1922 promoted consolidation of Mussolini dictatorship; in 1929 Vatican signed Lateran agreements with them formalizing the status of Vatican and concordat. Vatican actively supported Franco’s mutiny in Spain. In 1939 concordat was signed with Hitler’s fascist regime.
During the World War II by the agreement with German military commandership catholic priests were sent to USSR occupied territory to carry out propaganda of Catholicism. “The Holy Roman Church” will never wash clean off the blood poured by fascists ‘of all nations’, even if the Pope will walk around the whole planet and rehabilitate all those repressed by inquisition. Therefore you should not wait miracles from church if it will face the question: war for preservation of world capitalism or peaceful revolution of the Humanity Ring.
Nowadays the word “fascism” is taken out from circulation. Therefore capital sponsors “national-liberation” and actually nationalistic movements, supplies them with weapons, hops up their empire imagination and finally uses them as “roustabouts” for their plans. This way it was with nationalists and beholders of bourgeois democracy in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Macedonia. That was easy to undertake given such a cocktail of nationalities within the territory of Balkan Peninsula. Moreover, “diffusion of nationalities and nations” is now overall and global phenomenon. When laborious and well financed secret work is being carried out it is not so difficult to pit all these poor and undereducated nations.
1 September 1939, long school year for all mankind commenced unless it feels on their own skin all the charms of fascist ideas in action. It did not stop with Poland; it went further to France, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg, Denmark and Norway. USA was quite satisfied with this option of historical development: competitors are occupied, war with “bolshevism” is oncoming. The only thing is to wait until investments to Germany will bring huge profits. Besides this, - business is business – supplies of weapons, strategic materials and components for Germany were being continued. Now we suspend our historic analogies for to return to modern time and watch on chronology of NATO activity in Europe and other regions.

Part 5